WHAT IS LYMPHEDEMA?

Lymphedema is chronic swelling (edema) caused by a buildup of fluid (lymph).

This happens when the lymphatic system is either faulty or damaged and cannot function as normal. It leads to chronic (long-lasting) swelling in the tissues where the lymph flow is blocked. Lymphedema most commonly presents in a limb  (arm/hand or leg/foot), but it can also be present in the breast, trunk, genitals, or head and neck.

> Lymphatic System

> Signs & Symptoms

> Stages

> Who Is At Risk

> Diagnosis

> Treatment Options

> Surgical Options

> Infections

> Pediatric Lymphedema

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system.

USEFUL LINKS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

The Lymphatic System

https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/survivors/patients/lymphedema.htm

Lymph Vessel System

http://www.vodderschool.com/lymph_vessel_system

 

It is estimated that 1 million Canadians have the incurable disease, many unaware of the true cause of their swelling which is often misinterpreted as fat. There are many causes of lymphedema classified into two forms:

Primary lymphedema is caused by a defect of the lymphatic system.  It may be present at birth, develop when puberty begins or in adulthood.

 

Secondary lymphedema is caused due to an event that damages or blocks part of the lymphatic system. The most common cause is the result of treatment for some cancers (surgery, radiation).  Other causes of damage to the lymphatic system include trauma caused by an accident, injury or a burn.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

·       Abnormal swelling in the affected body part

·       Full or heavy feeling in the affected body part

·       Decreased mobility or achy in the affected body part

·       Clothing, jewellery or shoes may feel tighter but not due to weight gain

 

If you feel unwell or notice a sign of infection such as increased redness, swelling, warmth or pain to the affected limb, you should be seen by your doctor or emergency personnel immediately.  At present there is no cure for lymphedema; however, it can be successfully managed if diagnosed and treated in a timely man

STAGES

Stages help classify the severity of Lymphedema.  Currently there are four (4) known stages ranging from mild to severe. 

Different methods are used worldwide to classify the stages.  However, you can perform a simple pitting edema test to give you a rough idea (relevant for Stage 1).

Stage 0 (latent) – The least severe of all and not truly visible.

Stage 1 (early or mild) – Lymphedema is reversible as the swelling will disappear with elevation or bedrest.

Stage 2 (moderate) – Elevating does not resolve swelling. 
May or may not be pitting.  Fat accumulation of fibrosis starts.

Stage 3 (severe) – Most advanced stage. 
Fibrosis is hard and difficult to soften. The limb(s) can be misshapen or large.
 You are more susceptible to infections and wounds.

WHO IS AT RISK FOR LYMPHEDEMA 

Your risk for lymphedema depends on a number of factors, including:

● A family history of chronic (long-lasting) swelling

● If you had surgery, the number, size and location of lymph nodes removed or damaged

● If you had radiation therapy or an injury, the degree of damage to your lymphatic system

● Having chronic venous disease

● Having a history of skin infections, including cellulitis

● Being overweight and/or inactive add to these risk factors

Having a risk factor doesn’t mean you’re going to develop lymphedema but if your lymphatic system is faulty or damaged, you have a lifetime risk for lymphedema.

We can’t predict who’s going to develop lymphedema. Your body may heal well after treatment and be able to manage the lymph flow in the damaged area. Or, the extent of damage to your lymphatic system may combine with other risk factors and trigger lymphedema during treatment or many years later.

Risk Reduction strategies when living with lymphedema:

• Practice good skin care

Keep your skin clean, soft and moisturized to avoid skin infections.

Take care of scratches, pinpricks, cuts, burns or splinters right away.

Get treated for skin problems, including inflammation, fungal infections, ingrown toenails or dermatitis.

Avoid skin punctures, blood tests or vaccination shots on side where your lymphatic system may be damaged.

• Exercise regularly at a moderate pace
• Avoid sitting or standing for long periods
• Long periods of travel may require compression garments
• Aim for a healthy body weight
• Avoid high temperatures

Stay indoors (ideally with air conditioning) in the high heat and humidity of summer, stay away from hot tubs/saunas and take warm, rather than hot, baths and showers.

• Avoid tight clothing or jewelry

You may find it helpful to speak to a certified lymphedema therapist about your risk for lymphedema and ways to lower it.

This information does not replace the advice of a qualified health care professional.